Review Of The Ielts Speaking Task English Language Essay

Survey Of The Ielts Speaking Task English Language Essay As of now, the most mainstream language appraisal, for example, Cambridge declaration test, IELTS (The International English Language Testing System), TOEFL (The Test of English as a Foreign Language ) and GRE (Graduate Record Examination ) are generally considered as a dependable methods for evaluating the language capacity of test takers who need to study, work or move where English is the language of correspondence. Take the IELTS test for instance, it isn't just for the individuals who are prepared to enter the college of guidance in English as the main national training framework intended for language testing, yet additionally for testing English degree of individuals who get ready to settle this nations. IELTS is one of the most broadly utilized in different nations like investigation abroad: the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, the United States, and so on; Immigration: Australia, New Zealand and Canada. It is generally utilized huge scope ESL tests and assumed a crucial job for people groups lives, for example, use for settling on basic choices about the possibility for their admission to college or migration to remote nations, etc (Uysal, n.d.). It is claimed by three accomplices which are the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, the British Council and IDP, Education Australia (Cambridge University, 2007). This language test includes four angles: tuning in, talking, perusing and composing which can identification the test takers English capability as the candidates accreditation consistence. With respect to the test takers, the IELTS planning course is to improve the procedure of English, the greater part of Chinese individuals have the feeble connection are composing and talking. Talking is the extremely fundamental and increasingly troublesome expertise to get to. In the event that the test takers need to get a handle on this aptitude, they should take additional time and vitality to amass in day by day life. Accordingly, this report means t o examination the IELTS talking test, notice the appraisal of talking, and assess the impediment of the talking test. There are a few favorable circumstances of IELTS test based on the historical backdrop of English language testing and appraisal over this quite a while. It set up a decent notoriety, its rating is unprejudiced nature and validity, and is broadly utilized in language testing foundations in numerous nations. As indicated by IELTS Organization site, IELTS test takers and the associations are rely upon the IELTS test results profit by IELTS proceeding with interest in quality confirmation, to ensure the test stays efficient and pertinent ( IELTS Organization, n.d.). Toward the start, the English Language Testing Service (ELTS) showed up in 1980 when it fill in for the English Proficiency Test Battery (EPTB), a conventional to a great extent various decision test battery which had been utilized by the British Council in its understudies from abroad enrollment and work since the mid 1960s for the goal of worldwide candidates to colleges and schools in the UK (IELTS Organization, n.d ) Thi s new model test utilize an imaginative configuration which can impact the adjustments in language learning and improvement of language testing and evaluation. IELTS is conventional as a pencil and paper test, it not the same as TOEFL which is as a PC based test, and the IELTS talking test is utilized coordinated meeting technique to survey. It centers around the correspondence from the test takers and through their exhibition to evaluate them in scholarly settings and the familiarity of language use. As indicated by the official information, during the 1980s the test numbers were very low (4000 out of 1981 ascending to 10,000 by 1985), it clearly shows that there were troubles with the organization of the test which identifies with the test things and time taken to finish the test (IELTS Organization, n.d ). From 1989 IELTS test competitors took two non-sepcialised models, tuning in and talking, and two particular model which are perusing and composing. The non-specific models are center around test general English and the particular models are utilized to test language aptitudes specifically zones. Further adjustments to the IELTS test were executed in April 1995 with keeping with the dedication of the Partners to advancement in applying semantic, showing practice and estimation. There are three parts of progress: the first models are supplanted by a scholarly understanding module and a scholastic composing module; the distinction as far as the unique situation and substance between the Academic and General Training Modules; to guarantee reasonableness identifying with the test takers during the test (IELTS Organization, n.d). Conversation: The IELTS talking test: General foundation data IELTS is not quite the same as TOEFL test, and its applicants confronted questions not effectively recorded great particulars, yet to straightforwardly face to the inspectors which has a place with one on one meeting and take somewhere in the range of 11 and 15 minutes.. This is the reason the IELTS is increasingly more perceived by numerous individuals. IELTS comprise of two significant sorts which as indicated by whether an applicant takes the scholastic or General Training rendition of the test. This talking module surveys whether applicants can convey successfully in English talking. IELTS oral test is a framework with an example, and the scoring with decency and validity. This module is separated three sections: section 1 is presentation and meeting which the analyst presents him/herself and affirms competitors personality, and the inspector meets the test takers utilizing oral inquiries chose from comfortable subject casings with 4 5 minutes, the analysts will pose some fundame ntal inquiries to reduce the strained state of mind of applicants; section 2 is individual long turn in 3 4 minutes, including 1 min planning time. This part is about inspector approaches test takers to represent 1 2 minutes on a specific point dependent on composed contribution to the type of general guidance and substance prompts (Cambridge University, 2007). This stage is frequently increasingly hard to get a handle on for some applicants, and analyst welcomes possibility to partake in conversation of a progressively theoretical idea, for example, issues and subject dependent on the oral inquiries specifically connected to section two. This part will last 4 5 minutes. The entire oral test keeps an eye on every day life, and increasingly informal. In the IELTS talking area, the inspector is additionally a discourse by the four expository subscales at the nine groups: familiarity and intelligence; lexical asset; linguistic rang and exactness; articulation (Cambridge University, 2007). These four standards are similarly weight. IELTS talking test is the powerless connect to many test takers, and a significant number of test takers is hard to get high score. The test takers need to take a gander at the IELTS talking module score measures to conquer this trouble toward the start. The inspector has a lot of models by which the individual in question evaluates the test takers relational abilities in these three sections. Notwithstanding, in the assessment procedure, applicants habits and other individual components will impact on the analyst score, this isn't be overlooked. 2.2 Reliability issues IELTS test is noteworthy not just for study and migration, as of now an ever increasing number of remote undertakings are perceived by outside organizations as a goal, completely mirror the standard of English level for the applicants, particularly in China. These IELTS test takers with this endorsement go after the position opportunity, particularly for outside republic nations, they frequently have a more noteworthy upper hand. As of late, as approved IELTS score of nations and establishments expanded, there are numerous individuals are worried about this test. All the schools and colleges in district nations certify IELTS score, and this test additionally perceived as the main English test in Australia. There are more individuals keen on rater unwavering quality, this is on the grounds that rater dependability is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to accomplish as there is extraordinary variety in any event, when normalization strategies to improve dependability have been a ttempted. The second speculation from the conversation was that members were as a result discussing that normalization strategies to make raters progressively solid were stricter generally'(Langley, n.d.). Uysal (n.d.) brings up IELTS test guarantees that the utilization of scientific scales is useful for higher unwavering quality as impressionistic rating and standard referencing are debilitated, and more prominent separation across groups is accomplished. In the subsequent spot, raters rose to stick to the evaluation scale bit by bit, starting with task accomplishment at that point proceeding onward to the following model. It is gotten that, scoring rules is to encourage outside foundations, consulates, and different managers have gotten IELTS understudies, staff test the viability of the association have a progressively instinctive seeing, so they can perceive the logical idea of the IELTS test and the dependability of the test outcome. The distribution score of standard guidelines is additionally huge for the test takers, they can utilize the advantages of this principles. The test takers can be focused for data through the point by point score standard, and the rating distributed principles for investigation the scores for the test takers, and decrease the blunders. Simultaneously, the severe procedures used to create the test materials guarantee that each form of the test is of a practically identical degree of trouble, so they can guarantee the reasonableness for the competitors and the aftereffects of the test takers are steady any place and at whatever point they step through the exam (IELTS Org anization, n.d.). During the talking test, the principle task type is communication of test takers with inspector, in the initial segment, the applicants converse with the analyst like free discussion, it is anything but difficult to assist the up-and-comers with accessing to fundamental point. As per the perspective on Luoma (2004), he thinks about that talking abilities can be assembled for three focuses: routine aptitudes which including cooperation with the inspector and get the helpful data; improvisat

International Terrorism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Worldwide Terrorism - Coursework Example Iran, Syria and Libya are together viewed as the primary spine of Middle East dread (Charles, 1986a). Also, the Islamic fundamentalists, professional Syrian patriots and Palestinian radicals complete the lead jobs (Charles, 1986a). The target of these gatherings isn't harmony with Israel yet harmony with no Israel (Charles, 1986a). Psychological warfare would outlast harmony because of the Arab-Israeli contest as well as for two different reasons of flimsiness, war and murder (Charles, 1986b). The possibility of against Western, hostile to present day and against secularist development in the Islamic world, uniquely Iran shows a genuine danger (Charles, 1986b). The main path left for accomplishing some enduring harmony in the Middle East is a consistent, unflinching use of all types of weight against fear mongers and their all the more handily discovered backers (Charles, 1986c). It requires the utilization of each accessible way to chase down today’s heavy weapons specialists and deflect tomorrow’s (Charles, 1986c). Hezbollah, otherwise called Hizbullah or Hizballah is a strict association whose lone crucial to threaten and kill non-Muslims, primarily Americans and Jews (Hizballah, 2007). OPEC gives the monetary support to this a large number of aggressors affiliation established and managed by Shiite Islamic ministers in Iran (Hizballah, 2007). Islamic Jihad is a Hizballah moniker while Hamas is a Hizballah partner (Hizballah, 2007). While Hezbollah’s target like the Palestinian Islamic Jihad is the finished freedom of Mandate Palestine while Hamas are prepared to acknowledge a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza with Jerusalem as its capital (Hizballah, 2007). From a philosophical angle, the writing and the announcements of Hamas and Islamic Jihad don't discuss jihad as a strict idea to a similar degree as that made by Hezbollah (Hizballah, 2007). While the marjiiyya (casing of reference) of Hamas follows the worldwide Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamic Jihad is profoundly impacted by the marjiiyya of Iran, the

Analysis of Massachusetts’ Health Care System :: essays research papers

Examination of Massachusetts’ Health Care System Merna Chung      Massachusetts is situated in the northeastern segment of the United States with a land region of 7 ,838 sq. miles. It is nicknamed the Bay State. The all out populace of Massachusetts is 6,016,425. Massachusetts has a white larger part with the security of the privileges of minorities. There is no single body liable for making and implementing medicinal services arrangement. Most of the populace is White 5,405,374 ( 89.8 % ) ; Blacks 300,130 ( 5.0 % ) ; Hispanic 287,549 ( 4.8 % ) ; Asian 143,392 ( 2.4 % ) ; and the American Indian 12,241 ( 0.2 % ). The middle age is 33.4 years. 22.5 % is under 18 and 13.6 % is more than 65 years.      The significant businesses are Health Care , the travel industry, instruction , cultivating , and angling making this state more rustic than urban. It isn't monetarily discouraged on the grounds that travel industry has become a significant factor in the economy.      Health care is a significant industry in Massachusetts. It has seen a quick development in oversaw care associations as of late. These associations endeavor to convey excellent medicinal services in an expense †powerful way by utilizing our social insurance premiums to contract with specialists and clinics. Two †thirds to seventy five percent of Massachusetts occupants get their social insurance through oversaw care associations.      There are numerous human services frameworks and oversaw care associations in Massachusetts. To give some examples - Caregroup Health Care System ; Northeast Health Systems ; Partners Health Care Systems , Inc. Aetna Health Care ; Cigna Health Care of Massachusetts ; ConnectiCare of Massachusetts ; Fallon Community Health Plan ; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care , Inc. ; Health New England , Inc.      In general the number of inhabitants in Massachusetts is exceptionally sound thinking about that there are such a large number of social insurance associations. Massachusetts General Hospital was established in 1811 and is the third most established general medical clinic in the United States and the most established and biggest in New England. This clinical focus has 820 beds and offers exceptionally advanced indicative and remedial consideration in each forte and subspecialty of medication and medical procedure. Massachusetts General Hospital Concedes around 35,000 in patients every year and handles more than 1 million visits in its outpatient programs at the fundamental grounds and at its four wellbeing places. Yearly the crisis division at the principle grounds handle around 80,000 visits.

Editing College Admissions Essays At Star-Writers.Com

BLOG In: Services One of the most significant distinguishing features of our company is the professional assignment writers online. Our company hires only experienced writers from the UK since these representatives of native-speaking community displayed the highest level of writing skills and sufficient background to write any paper regardless of the topic. Our team also deals with any difficulties including academic writing and all the referencing styles. Thats why our customer can purchase college papers online and get the quality they deserve. Also in this section: College Essay Editing Online: Apathy Treatment Take My Online Class On What Is Social Attitude For Me Pay Someone To Do My Assignment In The UK Write My Term Paper On Why Patience Is A Virtue Assignment Writing Company: Texts Drawing Attention Papers Editing Services: How to Focus English Grammar And Spelling Check To Improve Your English College Essay Editor: Skills To Develop Our service that provides admissions essays editing for college also knows a thing or two about performance skills and wants to share this knowledge with you. Practice enables to master any skill including acting ones. One might read plenty of informative and reliable sources of information but they can provide only basic knowledge to use in the course of practicing itself. Any performance is theoretical knowledge alongside with hours of practice on the stage trying to reproduce natural emotions. However, every good actor or actress continuously develop already acquainted skills even if they have already succeeded. We offer you to find out whether you have the background to become a successful performer. Development of scenic attention Scenic attention is the ability to be focused on a person or a subject within the scenic environment. Attention is inseparably connected to concentration. There are some simple exercises be able to stay focused for a long time: 1. Count to ten without losing focus. The most peculiar feature of this exercise is that you have to imagine every number you name. Every image should be recreated accurately and slowly paying due attention to all the details; whether it is written by the chalk, or wax etc. (it is up to your imagination). Once the previous number is erased, you may start drawing the next one with the same accuracy as it was with a previous one. If your imagination is currently underdeveloped, use this essay on effective improvement of imagination skills based on psychological studies. 2. The essence of this exercise is very flexible since you can perform it at home, at work or anywhere else. Look at a certain object with all the attention you have (it may be a cup, a tree, a car behind the corner, literally anything). Carefully examine it single outing all the details. Then, switch to an object at an average distance from you (something that lies on your table like pen, notebook etc.). The next object to focus is the farthest one (like a picture on the wall, colleagues talking near the coffee machine etc.). Subsequently, switch attention from the furthest objects to the nearest ones and vice versa. 3. Take a blank sheet of paper and draw a small point in the center. Do your best to stay focused on this point within ten minutes without being distracted by various noises. It is harder than it might seem but once it becomes easy it will be reasonable to make it more challenging. Imagine that this point is on the window. Pay attention to it without regarding outside actions and sounds. Development of sensory attention 1. Turn on the TV and find something youve already watched or something new, it is not important. Repeat all the moves and actions of a performer but following the laws of mirror imaging: when he or she raises the left hand, you raise the right one etc. 2. Being in the public place look at a passer-by and quickly close your eyes saving the first image of this person in your memory. Add more fictional details. Who is this person, where does he or she go, is he or she married, what music does he or she listen to, what kind of person is it etc.? 3. Turn on your favorite music. Single our every instrument that was used listening to the chosen song and determine the exact time when they stop playing. Classical music is almost perfect for this very exercise 4. This is another exercise connected with your perception. Open the window and try to listen to all the noises coming from afar and imagine what is going on there with your eyes closed. Play with imagination trying to recreate supposed picture or try to imagine whats going on in the office next door. How do the owners of these voices look like? 5. Choose a movie. It might be any genre you like, but this exercise works more efficiently with science fiction movies. Turn around and try to recreate current events only by means of sounds and noises. This list of the best movies of 2017 is a good way to save time and to watch something fascinating. 6. Ask somebody to put several things under the tablecloth (like key, pencil, watch, CD etc.) and try to determine these objects to the touch. You can also perform these exercise in a team to make it more challenging. If you need some pieces of advice on teamwork, our writers will gladly provide you with one reliable source of information 7. Pay attention to all the smells beside perfumes of the passing by women or smell of a just made bakery. The smells you should pay attention to like smell of rain, or grass or spring are ephemeral. The ones you usually disregarded. Then, go further, try to determine the source of this smell and where did it come from? Unfortunately, there is no universal exercise that will provide sufficient knowledge to become a good actor at once. This is a matter of practice in the first place since the above-mentioned exercises and other ones require attention, hardworking and daily practice. Use these simple exercises to practice and develop your acting skills. High-quality and cheap term papers on star-writers.com are the best guarantee that your tutor or professor will be satisfied. We strictly follow the deadlines and requirements of our customers since our business is built on reliability and respect. Our customers, in turn, should provide comprehensible instructions and all the necessary attachments so the writer could complete an assignment correctly without any further difficulties. By the way, we should also mention our discount policy. Star-writers offers huge discounts to every customer both regular and new ones. Contact us via online chat to get your special discount code or to get necessary information on our services. Feel free to ask questions and challenge our company placing new difficult orders. We will handle them easily and fast. Popular posts: Stress Essay: Change Life And Overcome The Stress Find Interesting Facts In George Washington Essay Just Change Your Life With The Sport Essay Essays About Poverty: The Ways To Overcome It Find All The Benefits In The Essay On Reading

Nathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown - 945 Words

Many authors who write of religious, philosophical, or moral issues frequently use symbolism and allegory to spark the reader’s interest. This style of writing builds on the emotions of the reader. It creates a visual image making the story real and believable. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† these literary devices are used to bring emphasis to Brown’s struggle with his moral and spiritual beliefs. Goodman Brown is challenged with an important decision to keep his faith or follow the temptation of evil. Allegory and symbolism of the pink ribbons, Faith, the staff, and the woods are used by Hawthorne to create an allusion that the town’s people could not be corrupted by evil. The story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† in its entirety is an allegory, a literary device used to teach a religious lesson. The reader is lead to wonder if the story’s events truly took place or if it was simply a bad dream. The story leaves readers wondering why Goodman Brown feels compelled to journey into the forest. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† begins with Faith’s plea for Brown to not leave her on that night. He chooses to go out into the woods and ends up taking a â€Å"walk with the devil.† On his journey, Brown struggles with his decision and at times wants to turn back. His conscious tugs at him, much like the devil tempts individuals to do things that are wrong and evil. Brown seems to be concerned with what others will think if they see him in the woods. When â€Å"Goodman Brown recognizedShow MoreRelatedNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the aut hor uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will break down the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting thanRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the topic of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Young Goodman Brown, most of us will readily agree that duplicity is a major theme in the piece, or the idea of different versions of reality. Where this agreement usually ends, however, is on the question of whether Hawthorne is implying that man is inherently evil. Whereas some are convinced that Young Goodman Brown was good until tainted by the Devil, others maintain that he was evil from the beginning and was completely aware of the evil heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown905 Words   |  4 PagesThough Nathaniel Hawthorne is an author of many great works, his short story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† still stays relevant because it has themes and subjects that are relatable in today s world. In the story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† Good man Brown leaves his wife Faith, to go into the woods near Salem to have a meeting with the devil. Appearance vs. reality is shown in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† through the plot, the character of Goody Cloyse, and the symbol of the maple staff. The characterRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1312 Words   |  6 PagesWithin Nathaniel Hawthorne s short story Young Goodman Brown (p.317), Young Goodman Brown travels through a dark and mysterious forest late at night. Ignoring the pleas of his pure wife Faith, he ventures deep into the woods with many dangers around him, only to emerge in the morning a changed man with bewildered views on his own Puritan life and the Puritan community around him. At the cause for this change in mindset, the dream of an old man symbolizing the devil appears, showing him the communityRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1274 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† the devil says, â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind† (â€Å"Young† 627). Since Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit and attempted to hide conceal their sin from God, humans have tried to hide their sin from others. Although ever yone sin is human nature, everyone has a different reaction to sin. While some acknowledge sin, others ignore it. In Hawthorne’s other short story, â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Father Hooper wears a black veil to represent the sin heRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is a short story that is filled with symbols and mystery. Nathaniel Hawthorne provides plenty forms of symbolism for readers to digest. Hawthorne displays strong faith as the greatest virtue for a man or woman, and when the faith is compromised, one can be filled with skepticism and uncertainty towards the rest of the world. The story begins as a conventional allegory, creating the expectation that the characters will be able to consistently display the abstractions they symbolizeRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1695 Words   |  7 Pagesstory, Young Goodman Brown, by Nathaniel Hawthorne is set in Puritan New England. Hawthorne uses symbolism, description, scenery, and Goodman’s journey to illustrate and symbolize the battle of good versus evil. In the first scene, we see how Young Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to start on his â€Å"evil† journey through the woods. Though Faith asks him to stay with her, he chooses to continue on even though he knows the evilness lies ahead. As the story continues, we see how Hawthorne uses FaithRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown1492 Words   |  6 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s short story of Young Goodman Brown, the author uses symbolism and allegories in order to showcase the Puritan faith as well as man’s conflict between good and evil. This analysis will breakdown the techniques that the author uses to critique the puritan society, and to show the difference between how people appear to be in society and the true colors that they are hidden inside of them. There has been a lot of great authors in our time, but none more interesting than NathanielRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown2532 Words   |  11 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s short story, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† demonstrates how Goodman Brown leaves his wife, Faith, to do an errand within the woods with a man that is believed to be the devil. During the time period in which this took place, the 1620’s, many of the people from the village were practicing Puritanism. Puritanism is an intense practice of religion retrieved from Protestants, only removing its Catholic influence. When Goodman Brown entered the woods to meet the devil, he soon turned intoRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s Young Goodman Brown894 Words   |  4 Pagesread. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, I found several romanticism characteristics to be in this story. One being, the emphasis on feelings and emotions. Nathaniel Hawthorne writes, â€Å"The cry of grief, rage, and terror was yet piercing through the night, when the unhappy husband held his breath for a response.† The cry of anguish and pain are very applicable to the protagonist idea in this story. Brown also expresses feeling when he doesn t want to leave his wife Faith, but he feels that it s his role to

The Importance of the House in The Strange Case of Dr....

The Importance of the House in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde In The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Steveson used the architecture of Dr. Jekylls house very intelligently. The house can be regarded to be parallel to Dr. Jekylls double personality. Throughout the book, the house lends itself as a powerful prop, by which it is possible for Dr. Jekyll to use his house even when he is in the form of Mr. Hyde. The house, like Dr. Jekyll, has a dark side. On the front side of the house, it seems to be an elite, upper class, respectable home. However, the rest of the house is quite the opposite. As the book described it – discolored wall on the upper; and bore in every feature the marks of prolonged and so did†¦show more content†¦Vetterson not knowing what Mr. Hydes connection with Dr. Jekyll is, is also a very big clue to the fact that even when Dr. Jekyll entertains his friends at home, he only has a certain part of the house that he puts on display . These parts on display are mainly the hall, which was a pet fancy of his and which was†¦; which was supposed to be one of the pleasantest rooms in London; and the dining room. So, the part of the house that Dr. Jekyll liked to show off were large, low roofed, and comfortable; which is a contrast to what it seemed it may be if one saw the house from the back. Other then this, the house seems to be, more or less, private to Dr. Jekyll. As he was a doctor it was know that he did have a laboratory, which is not exposed till the very end of the book when Utterson and the butler break in to find a dead Mr. Hyde. It is very important to speculate on what Dr. Jekyll would have done if he didnt have the convenience of having the back of his house so rundown and unlike that of the front of the house. There probably would have been no way Dr. Jekyll could have made this distinction between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. And no way he could have been able to keep Mr. Hyde a secret for as long as he did. The importance of Dr. Jekyll keeping up his image of a respectable man, was more important in those times. London, and its society must have been very conscious of class and respectability. A secret of the nature of Dr. Jekyll would have created a scandalShow MoreRelatedThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay1069 Words   |  5 Pages Nia Givens The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde Christianity was very important in Victorian London. The concept of the duality of good and evil that was taught in the story of the Garden of Eden was widely used in Victorian literature. â€Å"Duality, humorously and simply stated, is the split of one into two, while still existing as one.† (Lopez). Duality is a theme found throughout Robert Louis Stevenson’s ‘The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde’. Most of the story is related in the thirdRead MoreAnalysis of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay557 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Everyone has heard of Jekyll and Hyde. The two infamous characters that portray the main roles in The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde. Yet, even with this phenomenal status of the book, surprisingly, not many people know what is really represented inside its pages. Firstly, to understand what made The Strange Case of Dr.Jekyll and Mr.Hyde a classical story known by young and old alike, we must look at where it began. AsRead MoreDr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Case Study1621 Words   |  7 Pages1 Inner Demons Although Dr. Jekyll struggled with the noticeable inner demon that was Mr. Hyde, many tend to overlook the true inner demon that initially provoked Dr. Jekyll to create the potion which ultimately lead to his downfall. In Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Henry Jekyll was not satisfied with his life, even though he had everything he could ever ask for, and this is when his inner demon took over as he stated, â€Å"Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures;Read MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1291 Words   |  6 Pagesexpectations on Victorians’ personalities in his novella, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Stevenson uses the motif of the double to make a commentary on the conflict between human nature and Victorian society; specifically, by presenting the dualities that exist in the lives of Utterson and Dr. Jekyll, as well as through the symbolism of the doors in the narrative. In the initial paragraphs of the novella, Stevenson introduces Mr. Utterson, whose point of view is followed closely throughoutRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesLouis Stevenson’s novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde delves into the issue of the duality of man and the meaning behind how a person presents themself. This allegorical story contains several passages in which the thematic significance to the plot is extremely prevalent, but the passage in which Mr. Utterson confronts Dr. Jekyll about the implications of his will provides insight into how even when the men disagree, they both understand the importance of maintaining the appearanceRead MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe novella The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll Mr. Hyde took place throughout the time period of prosperity, when Queen Victoria came to the throne in 1837, due to the expansion of the British Empire a nd the industrial revolution. Because of this, Great Britain had become primarily the world s most powerful superpower. In spite of Queen Victoria becoming a powerful leader, the social morality changed from rationalism to romanticism, which in turn transformed the society of art, literature, politicsRead MoreThe Way Robert Louis Stevenson Uses Literary Techniques in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde1103 Words   |  5 PagesThe Way Robert Louis Stevenson Uses Literary Techniques in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a novella that was written an 1886 and has gone down in history as one of the most famous works of gothic horror fiction. The term Jekyll and Hyde personality is used in society today to depict someone with a dual personality who is a kind of schizophrenic, describing someone who lives a double life of outward morality and inward iniquity. AtRead More Good Vs. Evil In Treasure Island Essay2590 Words   |  11 Pagestheir novels around amp;#8220;good guys; fighting the amp;#8220;villain;.Robert Louis Stevenson contrasts good and evil through many of the characters thathe creates. In the story amp;#8220;The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde;, Stevensoncontrasts the characters of Dr. Jekyll to Mr. Hyde to further the theme amp;#8220;Good vs. Evil;. This theme is common to many of Stevensonamp;#8217;s other works. In TreasureIsland, Stevenson uses the character Long John Silver to bring out thisRead MoreBook Report - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde4784 Words   |  20 PagesA. Title of the Book: â€Å" The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† B. Author: Robert Louis Stevenson (1850 -1894) * As a novelist, he is often noted for the powers of invention and depth of psychological insights found in his work; a skill defined by G. K. Chesterton as being able ‘to pick up the right word up on the point of his pen’. * Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson  was a Scottish  novelist, poet, essayist, and  travel writer. * A literary celebrityRead MoreBook Report - Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde4772 Words   |  20 PagesA. Title of the Book: â€Å" The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† B. Author: Robert Louis Stevenson (1850 -1894) * As a novelist, he is often noted for the powers of invention and depth of psychological insights found in his work; a skill defined by G. K. Chesterton as being able ‘to pick up the right word up on the point of his pen’. * Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson  was a Scottish  novelist, poet, essayist, and  travel writer. * A literary celebrity during

Australia East Timor Border Conflict - Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Australia East Timor Border Conflict. Answer: Introduction: By and large, the border disagreement between Australia and East Timor is very important and controversial. Mainly, this is due to the fact the pre-existing relationship between the two neighboring countries. Before the beginning of the border dispute, Australia had taken keen interest in helping the country regain its peace during the Indonesian-led violence. At this time, it was thought that Australia extended its help to Timor in good faith, but now it appears as though it had vested interest in the countrys oil reserves (Henriss, 2015). However, it turns out that East Timors oil has long been Australias weakness and managed to short-change its neighbor out of billions of dollars of government revenue. Both nations claim an interest in the lucrative Greater Sunrise gas field (Strating, 2016). Indeed, this aspect makes the disagreement contentious. Additionally, the fact that the conflict creates considerable implications for Timors future security and viability as an independent s tate makes the border disagreement controversial management. It is worth pointing out that Australia actions before and during the border conflicts reflects cruelty and greed. Particularly, the nation undertook premeditated moves after Timor gained independence to ensure it gains an upper hand in disputes arising on the oil field. As such, Australia withdrew from compulsory jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals on matters relating to maritime boundary delimitation. As a result. Timor cannot take any legal claims to a third-party arbitrator and is forced to negotiate with Australia (Strating, 2016). One may argue that the withdrawal was premeditated in preparation for the dispute, long before the border conflict began. All along, Australia disguised itself as a concerned neighbor while setting its eyes on Timors lucrative resources. Reference List Henriss, C. (2015). I thought Australia wanted to help East Timor, not take its oil. [Online] ABC News. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-21/henriss-address-the-oil-injustice/6790978 [Accessed 21 Mar. 2018]. Strating, R. (2016). What you need to know about Timor-Leste and Australia's sea border fight. [Online] The Conversation. Available at: https://theconversation.com/what-you-need-to-know-about-timor-leste-and-australias-sea-border-fight-67377 [Accessed 21 Mar. 2018].

Different Aspects Of Love Essay Example

Different Aspects Of Love Essay A tragic love story of two star cross lovers which reveal many aspects of love. The impetuous Romeo certainly demonstrates different responses as love develops.In the opening scenes, Romeos mother, Lady Montague, asks Benvolio, Romeos friend if he knows his where abouts. Dramatically the audience learns of Romeos troubled mind. From this you can see Romeo is love sick and depressed. (I i 11) Shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out and makes himself an artificial night. His sadness, tears orgmenting and deep sighs. You can see this when Romeo enters the scene. Benvolio is asked by Lady Montague and Montague why Romeo is so depressed and the reason for his mood.Romeo is in love with a lady called Rosaline but is out of favor with her. Romeo has never been in love before and hasnt experienced the emotion in which he is feeling. Romeo is enjoying being in love, never before has he felt this way about anyone. The language reflects Romeos confusion and is obvious from the metaphors t hat Romeos view of love is imaginary and not real. How would he know if this feeling he got was love, he hasnt had any feelings for anyone else! Later during the scene, Romeo is still wallowing in unrequited love. Rosaline does not love Romeo back and Benvolio suggests to Romeo that there are plenty of beauties out there. Romeo does not want to hear this at all.Romeos friends persuade him to go to the Capulets party. They gathered that Romeo might find someone fairer than Rosaline. Romeo agreed to go the party because of the fact he read that Rosaline would be attending the party.The convention of the ball was Masks and this would allow easy entry for Romeo and his friends into their enemys house. Romeo sets out to find Rosaline but immediately falls in love at first sight, with Juliet. Oh she doth teach the torches to shine bright (I 5 45). Romeo uses religious imagery which is symbolic that love is deeper, and suggests the idea of meeting with great passion. It is written as a son net which makes the event much more important. This is a form of poetry which reflects the language, especially love poetry in Shakespeares time.Juliet feels the same way for Romeo as he does for her, and they both realize they have fallen in love with the enemy. Romeos love for Juliet means him risking his safety to be with his love. Romeo is prepared to risk everything, even his family name for Juliets sake. The marriage must remain a secret and Friar Lawrence agrees to help the young lovers. Romeo must make practical arrangements with the nurse for the wedding nightAfter the success of the secret marriage, Romeos attitude towards his enemies, the Capulets changes. Tybalt challenges Romeo to a duel and Romeo refuses. Mercutio especially and Romeos other friends are angered and insulted with his refusal to fight. Tragedy occurs when Romeo tries to prevent Mercutio and Tybalt fighting. For a moment in time, Romeos friendship for Mercutio overcomes his love for Juliet and his marriag e, guilt and sorrow at his friend death vanishes his intensions to be loving towards his in laws, killers of his friend. In revenge Romeo kills Tybalt and is vanished.Romeo is distraught in what he has done; Juliet is his love, his soul mate, being without such love, unimaginable. This will destroy her. Friar Lawrence tries to comfort Romeo, but Romeo ignores his attempt to stop him weeping and tries to stab himself. The friar tells Romeo to be a man and to comfort his love, his wife.The nurse brought a ring from Juliet to Romeo which makes him realize that this tragedy has not destroyed what they have- each other and their love for one another. To send a ring in Shakespeares time was a token of love. Some people might do that today, where others use it as a sign of friendship. Romeo would not physically do anything to hurt Juliet and cares more about Juliet than his own sorrow. The poetry of the lovers wedding night reflects the emotion of their love.That night, Romeo has a dream t hat his lady found him dead. This is a sense of dramatic irony (5 1 6).Back with the nurse at Juliets house, she has been proposed to by a rich young man, and is to marry him this coming Thursday. Juliet panics and doesnt know what to do. She tries to send a message to Romeo to tell him of her death, but it fails to get there. Juliet has everything planned, she is willing to give up everything, her life, well nearly, to be with Romeo and so she swallows the poison.Balfazar hears of Juliets death and at once tells Romeo, but Balfazar does not know that Juliet will wake from her long sleep, to make a new start with Romeo.Romeo cannot live alone; his word also suggests his eternal quality of his love and defies even the stars to join his lady in death. Here once again, Romeo is willing to give up his life as he can not bare not to be with his love, Juliet. Love is consuming as Romeo found out.

Little Red Riding transl. span essays

Little Red Riding transl. span essays A little girl lived with her mother in a small house near a great forest. The girl had neither father nor grandparents. She had a grandmother who was a widow also. Her grandmother lived in a small house on the other side of the forest. As the girl had the custom to use a red pointed hood, everybody called Little Red Riding Hood. - Daughter, your grandmother is ill. You want to take a candy basket to her? - Yes, of course, Mommy- responded Little Red Riding Hood, like she was a very amiable and likeable girl. - Good, here is the basket full of candy said the mother.- As you know, in order to arrive at the house of your grandma, you must cross the forest. In the forest there are wolves. Do not delay, and if a wolf approaches you, call to one of the numerous woodcutters who work in the forest. - I will travel with care, Mommy. I will arrive safely at grandmas house responded Little Red Riding Hood. Then the girl put the candy basket in an arm and soon she had entered the forest. Neglecting the wise advice of her mother of not delaying in the forest, Little Riding Hood was taking flowers and putting them in the basket. Suddenly a great wolf appeared, ferocious, and hungry. The favorite food of this wolf was the meat of little girls, but as it was scared of the woodcutters who worked near there, it resolved to obtain its favorite food with ma - Good morning, Little Riding Hood. Where are you going with that basket full of candies and flowers? Although the girl, since we have seen, was amiable and likeable, she had the great defect of being something disobedient and stupid. She had already disobeyed her mother when delaying in the forest to take flowers. And now she demonstrated her stupidity in answering the wolf instead of calling to the woodcutters. She said: ...

Interview on perceptions of a product or servise and ways of Assignment

Interview on perceptions of a product or servise and ways of motivating customers and increasing customer satisfaction - Assignment Example Being the marketing manager of Samsung Company, I was tasked with the duty of establishing how consumers view our products, specifically the newly introduced Smartphone the Samsung Galaxy S4. This required a survey to be undertaken by interviewing consumers who own the phone. This is very important since in the Smartphone market, consumers are known to shift from one phone to another because of poor experiences and satisfaction. Thus, this paper will explain various aspects of consumer behaviour. It will analyse the findings of the interviews undertaken. Finally, the paper will make a presentation to the board of directors where it will conclude by establishing the importance of various aspects of consumer satisfaction and how it will benefit the company. Concepts in Consumer Behaviour When approaching consumer behaviour there are various concepts, theories and models involved (Sharma, 26). Consumer satisfaction is the level at which consumers feel a commodity has met their need or w ant. Normally customers are satisfied when the product in question fully meets the needs of the customer, which the business establishment has communicated through advertising and other marketing techniques. For example, a consumer is fully satisfied with a smart phone if it meets the technological and physical requirements, which the customer needs, and those that have been indicated on the phone’s specifications that have been communicated by the manufacturer. Thus if a company indicates that a Smartphone has high definition display yet consumers realise it does not, and then the consumer will be unsatisfied. Consumer perception is the manner in which consumers view a particular product with regard to its ability to satisfy them. Consumer perception is a very important aspect of consumer behaviour since it is one of the major motivators behind consumers when they are looking for products to buy in the market (Erlenkamp 26). This is especially the case in the smart phone mar ket, since a phone’s popularity greatly relies on how consumers perceive it regardless of other factors such as the phone’s specification. For example, a study done in the United States of America revealed that most Smartphone users opt to buy phones that they believe are good based on information from their friends and non professional opinions in social media over phones that are better in terms of specifications regardless of the both phones being of the same price range (Himmelsbach 92). Consumer motivation on the other hand, is the process of undertaking various measures and strategies to ensure that consumers in the market are motivated to purchase a particular product or products (Wright 120). Consumer motivation is very significant aspect since it ensures that a business establishment enjoys success since it will attract new customers as well as keep existing customers loyal. Examples of consumer motivation technique include sampling which results in attraction of many consumers. The Product The Samsung Galaxy S4 is a high end Smartphone released by the company in March 2013. The Smartphone was widely anticipated after the company announced its production and the features that the phone would possess. Furthermore, its predecessor, the Samsung Galaxy S3 had been

Voluntary Disclosures and Accounting Theories Essay

Voluntary Disclosures and Accounting Theories - Essay Example Accounting principles are based upon some principles and one of the important principles of accounting is full disclosure principle. As per the full disclosure principles the companies must disclose all the relevant information about the company like the financial statements, accounting policies followed, additional information etc. Apart from the various mandatory disclosures many companies discloses many voluntary information like sustainability report, cost of training employees etc. All these activities add value to the organisation and thus are important for the stakeholders to take an informed investment decision. Voluntary disclosures and accounting theories The concept of voluntary disclosers originates from a variety of accounting theories. Therefore the relevant accounting theories have been studied in order to understand the need of voluntary disclosure of information. The need of voluntary disclosure originated from the two basic theories namely normative theory and posit ive theory. Normative theories: The basic premise behind the normative accounting theories is the subjective opinion which tells one what is good and what should be done. This is an opinion based theory which is based on the standards. This theory is aimed at helping the accountants to decide on the things which should be done and the making them aware on the various aspects which can be used to compensating and rectifying any error which is not suitable as per their judgement (Banerjee, 2010, p.1223). The two disclosures which are normally done as per this theory are the disclosure of the intangibles and the disclosers regarding the corporate social responsibilities. As it has been discussed that the normative theory states that accountants should judge between the acts which should be done therefore the disclosers regarding the corporate social responsibilities is a way of informing the stakeholders that the matters which are opinion based have been taken care off. The normative t heories are based on certain assumptions which set up standard for doing an activity and it is assumed that the organisation will perform that activity is that way only. As per the concept of normative theory the organisation should have some unique way of recording and treating a transaction or performing any activity and that activity should be done as per the laid down standard. The accounting policies are based on these theories but to some extent all the assumption and every aspect of the normative theory is not followed by the organisation like the organisation do not follow a unique and single set of policy to records its assets for indefinite point of time. Like IAS 38 prescribes the rules and methods which have to be followed while recognising and measuring the intangibles assets (Deloitte, 2011). Positive theories: The positive theories are very different from that of the normative theory. Some of the important positive theories are positive accounting theory, legitimacy t heory, stakeholder theory and institutional theory. The basic premise of the positive accounting theory is explaining and predicting the accounting practices which can be actually followed by the accountants. Thus the nature of positive accounting theory is descriptive rather than subjective. The normative view of accounting is opinion based which tell what the accountants should do rather than predicting what actually can be done.

Supporting Case, African American Essay Example for Free

Supporting Case, African American Essay Item 1Student responses will vary. Write a memo to all staff in the department asking staff to come in and introduce themselves . Item 2 Write this information in â€Å"note to self. † Recently SSS Software has lost two key personnel, Michael Grant and Janice Ramos from health and hospitals, and finance and banking. How soon will the organization replace Janice Ramos? And with an internal or external hire? Item 3Memo to Paula Sprague thanking her for this information. It will be valued and kept confidential. This is important for me to have the insight and background of each of these managers to better understand their needs and what can be done to improve upon a team effort. Item 5C copy No response. Item 6Voice mail or e-mail to Harry Withers regarding this issue as soon as possible. Item 7 Call Jim Bishop regarding this issue. Set up meeting if needed. Get additional information from Jose Martinez. Item 8 Voice mail to Armand to set up appointment as soon as possible regarding this issue. Get copies of complaints if possible; how many. Item 9 Voice mail to Pat to set up lunch date. Item 10 Memo to Bob Miller to discuss this issue. Need more information as to what was said in the joke. Item 11 Phone call to Lorraine Adams from Westside Hospital regarding conversion of existing software. â€Å"Note to self† Michael has offered to do this work (Universal Business Solutions, Inc. ) Memo to Paula Sprague, Soto and Woo on C. A. R. E project. Need them and Wilson, if able for project or someone equally qualified FOR Westside Hospital. Item 12 Voice mail to Roosevelt Moore to set up an appointment to talk about this issue. â€Å"Note to self† Get information on work record and review before meeting with Roosevelt. Item 13 E-mail or voice mail to set up meeting with Jose Martinez. Get his side of issue then talk with Jim Bishop. Item 14â€Å"Note to self†: John Small recommending Mala Abendano for the position vacated by Janice Ramos. John is involved with Mala. Check work record on Mala. Ask for Paula’s opinion on the matter if Mala applies for position. Item 15E-mail to Roger regarding meeting. â€Å"Note to self† review memo of October 15, from Paula Sprague on the management team personnel to propose a group to go to Kenya. Item 16E-mail to Sharon Shapiro thanking her for the information. â€Å"Note to self†: Sharon will keep me updated on the sexual joke issue. May need to review sexual harassment issue with staff. Item 17No response. Keep for information only.

Food Division In Grass Soup :: essays research papers

Food Division in Grass Soup Zhang's attitude towards splitting up food rations at the reform camp suggests he has not been completely broken down and reformed by The Party. The significance of the dividing of foods illustrates his remaining integrity and emotions that the hunger has affected, but not removed. "Unfortunately, no matter what group I was assigned to, the others always trusted me" (164). Being trusted usually is a positive sign of your character, but Zhang feels it is an unfair burden and responsibility that he would rather not have dealt with. The fact that the other convicts trusted him indicates the fact that he was a cerebral convict who had some integrity left. In this way Zhang is not as reformed as his fellow intellectuals because the other small workers are quick to criticize others, especially other intellectuals - a form of betrayal. Their betrayal displays the self centered attitude that makes others doubt that particular convict would be fair in the partition. Zhang is more unwilling to turn people in and overanalyze what others say so that he can seem better in the authorities' eyes. Only when he is asked specifically about Babylon does Zhang reveal something negative about him, yet even then he withholds comments that would have surely been used a gainst Mr. "I like to eat watery things". Convicts cannot trust criminal convicts either because it is obvious they are not worthy of anyone's trust and would partition the food completely unequally without fear of retribution. These convicts have no rectitude and are already accustomed to no one trusting them. "When it came to the question of how to divide up food, criminal convicts were not given a say" (166). Criminal convicts cannot participate in the partitioning of food, because they would undoubtedly cheat others out of their food. The division of food is much too important a responsibility to be placed on a criminal. The fact that they can underhandedly attain more food (i.e. - by stealing) also leads the intellectuals to believe that the people who rely merely on the partitioned food would divide it honestly and equally. The fact that Zhang steals food and still is trusted enough to divide the food is indicative of his worthiness. The convicts in the camp do not seem completely void of emotions. "Seeing it, one could believe that these men, scraped clean of everything including freedom, could have made an aeroplane with their own bare hands" (165).

Jersey Boys Musical Review Essay

Jersey Boys is about the story of Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons. Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons (Four Seasons) made extraordinary music under the genre of rock and pop. The story took place back in the 1950’s when the Four Seasons were just starting up. Location of the tale is in New Jersey. The purpose of Jersey boys is to tell a tale about the hardships that Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons went through to make their music and also other personal and emotional feelings that were endured by the band. I enjoyed the play because the story and music is very interesting, unique and entertaining. I have seen the play before in Las Vegas and I must say that the cast in Las Vegas was much better than the one I saw on Thursday night. The reason is because it went more in-depth with the story and also played every single hit that the band had made. Also, the singers in Las Vegas were much more professional and sounded better because the actor portraying Frankie Valli did not have such a high pitched voice as the one in Curran Theatre. My favorite composition from the band was Beggin because the tempo and beat was so fast-paced and it was impressive how the band had bright stage lights and fascinating dance moves. The music contained catchy rhythms and beats. Some notes would stretch out to make a nice vocal sound and some were just quick beats from the drums. The staging was very flashy because they had different stage lights with different colors for each part of the story. The costumes were very well suited. They actors wore fancy suits and some had a fancy top hot to match their costume. I thought the the whole play went fairly well and the audience seemed to really enjoy it. The music was pleasant and relaxing, the actors were spot on with no mistakes during the show and the crowd was very enthusiastic. The only part I had a slight problem about was the singer. His voice was way too high pitched and it didn’t go well as a cover for the original compositions. My overall opinion would be a 4 out of 5 (4/5) because some of the compositions were not performed well and the music wasn’t as smooth as the original compositions. The melody was virtuous which made the texture just as good. The rhythm was excellent along with the harmony but there were a few not so good structure of the music so to speak. Overall I enjoyed the music and performance. The great things about the music were stated in the paragraph above but there are a few negatives to the cast’s performance. Although they used the same ternary and binary forms for the pieces, something about the way they did it just didn’t go smoothly. I believe it was because of the tempo of the song. The tempo was slowed down a bit during some of the compositions. However I really enjoyed my time at the musical with my mom. She seemed to really enjoy it as well. She had the same insights as I did about the musical.

Personal Statement Of The Problem - 1144 Words

Statement of the Problem Introduction Imagine for a moment, awakening everyday and being told by everyone around you, that you were born to fail- that you are nothing and that no matter what you do or what you say, you will mess up. How may believing that you can not succeed at anything impact your daily performance? Now in contrast, imagine awakening daily and being told by everyone around you that you were born to thrive and to succeed- that you were born for an amazing purpose, and that you can not only do anything you set your mind to, but that you can do it better than anyone else. Imagine the impact these two opposing approaches would have on your life. According to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary (2003), confidence is defined as, â€Å"a†¦show more content†¦In this study, two basketball teams were analyzed, one of which was consistently encouraged by their leader who demonstrated confidence in his team. In contrast, the other team’s leader consistently demonstrated lack of confidence in his team and undermined their abilities. From this it was found that when individuals had a leader that believed in their abilities, that the individuals within the team became confident in their own abilities, and consistently outperformed the other team and were more successful in performance. This study can be directly compared to a study published in 2002 in the North American Journal of Psychology. A psychologist by the name of Dr. Lisa Smith sought to study if any correlation existed between an individual’s confidence level and their performance on exams. The individuals in this study were asked to rate themselves on a numerical scale on multiple factors that collectively depicted an overall level of confidence. Not only was a positive correlation found between confidence levels and performance levels, but perhaps more interesting was that when this was analyzed more closely, there was no greater knowledge base found between the two populations of students being studied. Th us, after additional analysis it was deduced that the confident individuals had less anxiety in regards to test taking, and thus outperformed the diffident individuals

Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide Editorial - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 29 Words: 8567 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/09/17 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide Editorial Writer: J. Schekkerman Version 5. 0 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide Preface Preface An enterprise architecture (EA) establishes the organization-wide roadmap to achieve an organization‘s mission through optimal performance of its core business processes within an efficient information technology (IT) environment. Simply stated, enterprise architectures are ? blueprints? or systematically and completely defining an organization‘s current (baseline) or desired (target) environment. Enterprise architectures are essential for evolving information systems and developing new systems that optimize their mission value. This is accomplished in logical or business terms (e. g. , mission, business functions, information flows, and systems environments) and technical terms (e. g. , software, hardware, communications), and includes a transition plan for transitioning from the baseline environment to the t arget environment. If defined, maintained, and implemented effectively, these blueprints assist in optimizing the interdependencies and interrelationships among the business operations of the enterprise and the underlying IT that support these operations. It has shown that without a complete and enforced EA (Strategic) Business Units of the enterprise run the risk of buying and building systems that are duplicative, incompatible, and unnecessarily costly to maintain and interface. For EAs to be useful and provide business value, their development, maintenance, and implementation should be managed effectively and supported by tools. This step-bystep process guide is intended to assist in defining, maintaining, and implementing EAs by providing a disciplined and rigorous approach to EA life cycle management. It describes major EA program management areas, beginning with: 1. suggested organizational structure and management controls 2. a process for development of a baseline and target architecture, 3. development of a transition plan. The guide is especially focusing on EA tool selection requirements, as well as showing an oversight over existing products today on the market Conclusion The items described in this guide presents fundamental requirements for good EA tool selections. An electronic version of this guide can be ordered at the following Internet address: https://www/enterprise-architecture. info If you have questions or comments about this guide, please contact Jaap Schekkerman at +31(0)627557467, by email at [emailprotected] info Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 i May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide Preface The Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments intended not to use any copyrighted material for this publication or, if not possible, to indicate the copyright or source of the respective object. The Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments has thoroughly checked all the references however could not trace out in all situations the original copyright owner; however it is never our intention to infringe anyone‘s copyrights. All Trade Marks, Service Marks and registered trademarks / service marks mentioned in this publication are the property of their respective organizations. The copyright for any material created by the author is reserved. The Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments (IFEAD) is using an open publication policy. Organizations can use IFEAD‘s materials for their own purposes with a reference notice to IFEADs copyrights. Organizations that want to use IFEAD‘s materials for commercial purposes can achieve a license from IFEAD. The Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments (IFEAD) shall retain ownership of all inventions, hether or not patentable, original works of authorship (whether written or visual), developments, improvements o r trade secrets developed by or licensed to IFEAD or developed by third parties on IFEAD‘s behalf, either prior to or outside of this IPR statement, including but not limited to methodologies, analysis/architectural frameworks, leading practices, specifications, materials and tools (? IFEAD Independent Materials? ) and all IPR therein. Organisations may use the IFEAD Independent Materials provided to Organisations by IFEAD only in furtherance of this IPR statement or with IFEAD‘s prior written consent. IPR? means intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, design rights, copyrights, database rights, trade secrets and all rights of an equivalent nature anywhere in the world.  © Copyrights Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments (IFEAD), 2001 – 2009, All Rights Reserved Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 ii May 2009 Table of Contents Preface 1. Introduction 1 1. 1. EA Tools Review Framework . 1 1. 2. Functionality Dimension . 2 1. 2. 1. Methodologies and Models 2 1. 2. 2. Model Development Interface . 1. 2. 3. Tool Automation .. . 3 1. 2. 4. Extendibility and Customization . 3 1. 2. 5. Analysis and Manipulation 4 1. 2. 6. Repository .. 4 1. 2. 7. Deployment Architecture .. 1. 2. 8. Costs and Vendor Support 5 1. 2. 9. Architecture Results 5 1. 3. Different Professionals Dimension . 6 1. 3. 1. Enterprise Architects .. 6 1. 3. 2. Solution Architects .. 1. 3. 3. Strategic Planners / Management . 6 1. 3. 4. Enterprise Program Managers . 7 1. 3. 5. Software Architects / Engineers 7 1. 3. 6. External Partners . 7 2. Enterprise Architecture Modelling TOGAF 8 2. 1. The ArchiMate Modelling Language 9 2. 2. TOGAF 9 . 10 3. Overview of Enterprise Architecture Tools(2) . 11 3. 1. Overview of vendors Tools. (3). 11 4. Candidate Tool Requirements Checklist . 12 4. . Candidate list of EA Tool Requirements Specifications 1 2 4. 2. The purpose of adopting an EA Tool? . 20 Appendix A: References . 21 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 iii May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 1. Introduction Enterprise Architectures are an emerging approach for capturing complex knowledge about organizations and technology. Enterprise Architectural approaches range from broad, enterprise focused approaches, through to approaches aimed at specific domains. The focus of enterprise architecture efforts is now shifting to become more holistic, thereby necessitating the use of comprehensive modeling tools to analyze and optimize the portfolio of business strategies, organizational structures, business processes / tasks and activities, information flows, applications, and technology infrastructure. Important to adoption of an enterprise architectural approach is the availability of tools to su pport the development, storage, presentation and enhancement of enterprise architecture representations. As with enterprise architecture methodologies, enterprise architecture tools to support the architectural development process are still emerging. High value is derived from consolidating this portfolio of business artifacts into a single repository in a standardized manner to support enterprise analysis and optimization. 1. 1. EA Tools Review Framework To consistently review enterprise architecture tools a review framework is defined. The review framework consists of two dimensions: the basic functionality of the tool, and the utility of the tool to different professionals. When reviewing an EA tool‘s basic functionality, the reviewer has to describe how well the tool performed the different functions needed for the enterprise architecture development activity. The tools basic functionality was examined in the following areas: Methodologies and Models; Model Development Interface; Tool Automation; Extendibility and Customization; Analysis and Manipulation; Repository; Deployment Architecture; Costs and Vendor Support; Architecture Results. The second dimension, the tool‘s utility to different professionals, captures the fitness for purpose of the tool, and describes how useful the tool would be to particular professionals. The types of professionals considered were: Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 1 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection Enterprise Architects; Solution Architects Strategic Planners / Management; Enterprise Program Managers Software Architects / engineers External Partners. EA Tools Review Framework Methodologies and Models Model Development Interface Tool Automation Enterprise Architects Solution Architects Strategic Planners / Management Requirements Enterprise Program Managers Requirements Software Architects / Engineers Requirements External Partners Overall Requirements List = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Extendibility Customization Analysis and Manipulation Repository Deployment Architecture Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Costs and Vendor Su pport Architecture Results Weigh Factors Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements Requirements 1. 2. Functionality Dimension This dimension of the EA Tools review framework attempts to capture how well the tool performs the core functions needed to support the enterprise architecture development activity. This dimension breaks the functionality of an enterprise architecture tool into eight key areas. 1. 2. 1. Methodologies and Models The most important feature of an enterprise architecture tool the methodologies and modeling the approaches it supports. The approaches the tool supports dictate the types of enterprise architectures the tool is capable of supporting, and to an extent, the type of analysis and manipulation functions the tool is capable of performing. As well as reviewing the methodologies and modeling approaches, this functional area also reviews how well, or how completely, the tool implements the methodologies and modeling approaches it claims to support. For tools that are capable of supporting multiple methodologies and modeling approaches, this functional area also examines how well the different approaches are integrated. For example, when complementary methodologies and modeling approaches (for example process modeling and data modeling) are used, how well can the different approaches be used together in an overall enterprise architectural approach? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 2 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection When a tool supports competing approaches (for example two approaches to data modeling) how well can the data being modeled be moved between the different perspectives offered by the competing approaches? 1. 2. 2. Model Development Interface The model development interface is the mos t obvious part of an enterprise architecture development tool. It is the interface used to design, build, maintain and often manipulate, the models that make up the architecture. Generally, models are built and maintained graphically, by manipulating cons and the connections between them. The tool‘s model development interface may also use textual interfaces to allow additional information to be appended to the graphical models. The overall quality of the model development interface is an important characteristic of any enterprise architecture development tool. The interface must support the modeling activity well, for example by automating some of the drawing functions, by automatically laying out models, or by providing pick lists of alternative values at the appropriate places during the modeling activity. The model development interface must also be intelligently structured, make good use of limited screen space, be logical and consistent to use and navigate. The tool s hould ideally follow the graphical user interface conventions and guidelines that apply to its host operating system. 1. 2. 3. Tool Automation Developing and populating enterprise architecture models is often the most time consuming part of the enterprise architecture development activity. By providing support for automating parts of the enterprise architecture development processes, a tool can help speed up the overall development activity. A tool may support the creation of macros or scripts, to automate common functions or actions, or to group several functions together into one action. These may be used to automate parts of the model development activity. This feature is closely related to the tool‘s ability to be customized, which is described in the next section. The tool may also provide the ability to automatically generate enterprise architecture models based on data held within the tool‘s repository, or have the ability to generate enterprise architecture mo dels as a result of data manipulation functions. . 2. 4. Extendibility and Customization This functional group captures how well an enterprise architecture tool can be modified to meet the unique enterprise architectural requirements of a unique organization. Enterprise Architecture tools may support customization by allowing users to add new modeling approaches or to modify the modeling approaches already supported by the tool. A tool may also support modification by providing a programming interface, allowing the functions of the tool to be modified, or allowing the tool to be integrated with other software products. Most enterprise architecture tools that support high levels of customization allow the underlying meta-models of the tool to be modified, and new meta-models added. Metamodels are literally models about models. They describe what entities can exist Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments , 2001-2009 3 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection within particular models, the legal relationships between the different entities, and their properties. By modifying the existing meta-models, or adding completely new meta-models, a tool can be customized to support new modeling approaches. The ability to modify the tool via a programming interface allows the functionality and behavior of the tool to be customized to meet the unique requirements of the organization. Programming customization may be achieved though the use of an application scripting language, for example Visual Basics for Applications (VBA), or through support for adding external components, for example, Active X/DCOM components. Enterprise Architecture tools may be extended by integrating them with other software products. This may be achieved via direct integration through an exposed API within the tool, or via a middleware layer, for example ActiveX/DCOM, CORBA, and so on . Integration may also be supported via importing and exporting data into and out of the tool via standard file types; for example, character delimited or fixed width delimited text files, HTML, or SYLK files and so on. 1. 2. 5. Analysis and Manipulation As well as supporting the development of enterprise architecture models, an enterprise architecture tool may also provide support for analysis and manipulation of the developed models. The type of analysis and manipulation support provided by the tool is often tied to the particular modeling approaches supported by the tool. For example, Flow Analysis is often tied to process/workflow modeling. Analysis support provided by a tool may simply examine how correct or complete the model is, relative to a particular modeling approach used. More sophisticated analysis support may allow the model to be interrogated in some way, or be subjected to particular analysis methods. Analysis support may include the ability to compare different v ersions of models, allowing current and to-be enterprise architectures to be compared. Manipulation functions capture a tool‘s ability to change the way the models are represented and viewed. This may include the ability to view models from particular perspectives, for example showing only particular classes of entities, or the ability to amalgamate separate models into a single model. 1. 2. 6. Repository Most of the tools on the market make use of some kind of data repository to hold the developed models. The functions provided by the tool‘s repository have a significant impact on the overall functionality, scalability and extendibility of an enterprise architecture tool. Some tools make use of commercial relational database management systems, or commercial Object Orientated or Object/Relational database systems, while others use proprietary repository systems. A tool‘s repository often dictates the way users can collaborate. A repository may provide suppor t for collaboration by supporting multiple, concurrent, users on the one repository, or by providing the ability to combine models developed by different modelers into one model. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5.  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 4 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection The repository may also provide many different data management functions, including the ability to support model versioning, the ability to roll back to previous versions, the ability to lock parts of the model against change, and the ability to control access to part or the entire model. 1. 2. 7. Deployment Architecture A tool‘s deployment architecture describes the tool‘s software structure and software implementation. Generally, enterprise architecture tools tend to adopt one of two deployment architectures: either a single user/single client structure, or a simple two-tier client/server str ucture. Single user/single client structured tools are designed to operate on one workstation, and can generally only be used by one user at a time. Tools that implement this style of deployment architecture generally have a very tight coupling between the tool and its repository. In this type of deployment architecture, only one modeler can have access to the repository at any one time. The second common deployment architecture found within the enterprise architecture tool domain is a simple two tier client/server structure. Tools that implement this style of deployment architecture generally have looser coupling between the tool and the repository. Generally, the repository is stored on a network server, and can often be accessed by multiple concurrent users. This deployment architecture allows multiple modelers to work on the same models concurrently. 1. 2. 8. Costs and Vendor Support The final functional group considered is the cost of the tool and after sales support prov ided by the vendor. The cost of enterprise architecture tool licenses can range anywhere from â‚ ¬ 1,500 to â‚ ¬ 7,000 per license, and optional extras are often available for an additional cost. Given the high costs of this type of tool, the types of licensing agreements offered by the vendor, and how they may lower the overall cost, is important. For example, does the vendor support floating licenses, allowing expensive licenses to be shared among a large group of users? Does the vendor offer discounts for bulk purchases, or site licenses? Does the vendor offer discounts to government or non-profit organizations? Also important in the overall cost of adopting an enterprise architecture tool, are the cost and type of maintenance and/or after sales support contracts offered by the vendor. Is the vendor able to offer comprehensive, in-house training? If the vendor is a foreign company, do they have an Australian representative available to provide training? Does the vendor o ffer free technical support? Is the vendor able to offer free or heavily discounted upgrades? How does the vendor address software faults discovered by the user? What is the yearly maintenance costs associated with the tool? 1. 2. 9. Architecture Results Essential results are those required for all enterprise architectures, while supporting results may be necessary to fulfill specific informational needs. Only those supporting results that portray the desired characteristics should be created. The required results should help formulate the selection of a framework and associated toolset. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5.  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 5 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection It is essential that the Chief Enterprise Essential results — the graphics, models, and/or narratives that every Architect guide the development of the enterprise architecture description mu st EA views and landscapes to meet the include, to support the scope and needs of the Business IT, characteristics of the EA. especially in the desired level of detail Supporting results — the graphics, needed in the EA results. If the content models, and /or narratives that may be is at too high level of abstraction, it may needed to further elaborate on essential not be sufficiently useful to guide products or to address particular domain decision-making. If the content is too or scope extensions (e. g. outsourcing or transformation considerations). detailed, it may be difficult to oversee the impact and the risks. Define and select your own visualization / modelling techniques to visualise the context, landscape models and diagrams to meet your stakeholder‘s demands. Our experience is that visualizing the EA results in the format of large photographic / picturized posters that are coloured in line with the organizations house style is very effective. So define upfront what kind of models, languages and visualizations do you expect from the support of a tool. 1. 3. Different Professionals Dimension The evaluation of the tools considered their suitability for use by different professionals. The needs of other groups, such as software architects, are not considered in this EA tools selection framework. . 3. 1. Enterprise Architects Enterprise Architects investigate all aspects of enterprise architectural approaches and methodologies. This can involve researching different representations and enterprise architectural structures, including the development and investigation of alternative modeling approaches. As such, the requirements for a tool to support enterprise architectural research are quite challenging. The over-arching requirement is flexibility in defining and adapting modeling approaches. However, a robust tool is also required to develop large-scale demonstrators to investigate, and promote these alternative approaches. 1. 3. 2 . Solution Architects Solution Architects are focused at the Solution level and working with the developing vendor to design and implement the Solution. Solution Architects report frequently to Project Managers, but have a dotted-line responsibility to the Enterprise Architects in order to maintain consistency and interoperability across Business IT. Therefore their needs for tooling support are different from the Enterprise Architect. 1. 3. 3. Strategic Planners / Management Strategic planners, including executive management and innovating staff, use the enterprise architectures results for strategic decision making. They need to be assembled and modified quickly, and should be based on current (or planned) future capability. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 6 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection Strategic planners need a tool that is easy to use. It is highly desirable that local support is available when required. The tool should have strong drawing and reuse facilities including support for multiple, related, configurations within a single architecture. Quick, automated, analysis and consistency checking is highly desirable. Integration with existing data sources is essential, particularly when implementing planning facilities. 1. 3. 4. Enterprise Program Managers Enterprise Program Managers as well as domain program managers and often project managers supports the enterprise architecture program in order to support the implementation and transformation phase. The enterprise architecture tools should be able to capture current and future resources (such as platforms, assets and components), organizations, people, information exchanges, tasks or activities, and processes and their relationships as well as program planning facilities. Enterprise Program managers need a tool that is easy to use, with support available w hen required. Local support is desirable, but probably not essential providing it is very responsive. The tool should have a strong planning and analysis capability and allow reuse between enterprise architectures for different activities undertaken at different times. . 3. 5. Software Architects / Engineers A Software Architecture relates requirements, fixed system hardware, and infrastructure (i. e. , COTS or GOTS) to software structures in order to demonstrate software effectiveness, therefore their needs for tooling support are different from the Enterprise and Solution Architect. 1. 3. 6. External Partners As earlier mentioned Solution Architects and Software Architects are often working together with Vendors / Partners. Sometimes these partners have different demands from results supported by tools. Therefore it is interesting to know their specific needs / demands. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Dev elopments, 2001-2009 7 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 2. Enterprise Architecture Modelling TOGAF A coherent description of enterprise architectures provides insight, enables communication among different stakeholders and guides complicated (business and IT) change processes. Unfortunately, so far no enterprise architecture description language exists that fully enables integrated enterprise modelling. In this chapter the focus is on the requirements and design of such a language. This language defines generic, organization-independent concepts that can be specialized or composed to obtain more specific concepts to be used within a particular organization. It is not the intention to re-invent the wheel for each enterprise architectural domain: wherever possible there will be a conformation to existing languages or standards such as UML. Then these standards will be complemented with missing concepts, for example focusing on concepts to mod el the relationships among enterprise architectural domains. The concepts should also make it possible to define links between models in other languages. The relationship between enterprise architecture descriptions at the business layer and at the application layer (business-IT alignment) plays a central role. Changes in an organizations strategy and business goals have significant consequences for the organization structure, processes, software systems, data management and technical infrastructures. Organizations have to adjust processes to their environment, open up internal systems and make them transparent to both internal and external parties. Enterprise architectures are a way to chart the complexity involved. Many enterprises have recognized the value of architectures and to some extent make use of them during system evolution and development. Depending on the type of enterprise or maturity of the architecture practice, in most cases a number of separate enterprise arc hitectural domains are distinguished such as business, information, application and technology infrastructure domain. For each enterprise architectural domain architects have their own concepts, modelling techniques, tool support, visualization techniques and so on. Clearly, this way of working does not necessarily lead to a coherent view on the enterprise. Enterprises want to have insight into complex change processes. The development of coherent views of an enterprise and a disciplined enterprise architectural working practice significantly contribute to the solution of this complex puzzle. Coherent views provide insight and overview, enable communication among different stakeholders and guide complicated change processes. Unfortunately there is a downside to this euphoria. So far no enterprise architecture description language exists that fully enables integrated enterprise modelling. There is a need for an enterprise architecture language that enables coherent enterprise m odelling. Enterprise architects need proper instruments to constructs architectures in a uniform way. The next figure illustrates the scope of such an integrated set of enterprise architecture results. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 8 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection Contextual Reflection Aspect Reflection Business Reflection Model based Enterprise (Concepts) Reflection Transformation Reflection Technological Reflection Model Based Domain Reflection Overview of possible Enterprise Architecture Results Relations Scope of Enterprise Architecture Results Important elements of such an approach include: o The development of a coherent enterprise modelling language. o Development of specialized views and visualization techniques in order to provide insight for different stakeholders. o Development of analysis techniques that aid in understanding the complex models. By using a uniform modelling language enterprise architects can avoid a Babellike confusion. At the same time an architectural modelling language should allow the development of specialized visualization techniques for different stakeholders, such as business managers, end-users, project managers, system developers, etc. After all, enterprise architectures are the means by which enterprise architects communicate with the different stakeholders, and this communication works best if it is tailored towards the specific concerns and information needs that they have. Additionally, analysis techniques, for example, impact-of- change analysis, provide ways to study the properties of an integrated model in more detail. In this way enterprise architecture provides the desired insight and overview, which allows a well-organized change process. 2. 1. The ArchiMate Modelling Language1 By realizing that multiple languages and dialects will always exist, striving for one un ique language would be like chasing windmills. Therefore, the flexibility to use other languages is recognized, and is addressed by means of a specialization and generalization requirement of the language itself. In the view of the ArchiMate project a well-defined enterprise architecture language forms the core of such an architecture approach. In this chapter the focus is on the requirements and a first design of such a language. It is not the intention to re-invent the wheel for each architecture domain. When possible standards will be followed, such as UML, as closely as possible. The focus is on the identification of specific relationship concepts and the definition of cross-domain relations. In order to arrive at a 1 https://www. pengroup. org/archimate/ The ArchiMate Forum of The Open Group is the platform for everyone involved with the use and evolution of ArchiMate. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture D evelopments, 2001-2009 9 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection coherent architectural description, several architectural domains and layers as well as their relations must be modelled. This chapter describes the first steps towards a language to support this. The relations between the business and application layer, which play a central role in this version of the language, are a first contribution to the solution of the business-ICT alignment problem that ArchiMate try to tackle. For the state of the art in enterprise modelling, languages have to consider for organisation and process modelling and languages for application and technology modelling. Although there is a trend towards considering the relationship between the organisational processes and the information systems and applications that support them (often referred to as ? business-IT alignment), modelling echniques to really express this relationship hardly exist yet. A wide variety of organisation and process modelling languages are currently in use: there is no single standard for models in this domain. The conceptual domains that are covered differ from language to language. In many languages, the relations between domains are not clearly defined. Also, most languages are not really suitable to describe architectures: they provide concepts to model, e. g. , detailed business processes, but not the high-level relationship. Some of the most popular languages are proprietary to specific software tools. Relevant languages in this category include: o The Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) is a standard for business process modeling, and provides a graphical notation for specifying business processes in a Business Process Diagram (BPD), based on a flowcharting technnique very similar to activity diagrams from Unified Modeling Language (UML). The objective of BPMN is to support business process management for both technical users and business users by provi ding a notation that is intuitive to business users yet able to represent complex process semantics. IDEF originating from the US Ministry of Defence is a collection of 16 (unrelated) diagramming techniques, three of which are widely used: IDEF0 (function modelling), IDEF1/IDEF1x (information and data modelling) and IDEF3 (process description). ArchiMate as an Enterprise Architecture modelling language, originally developed as an initiative of a consortium of Dutch organisations and the Telematica Institute, today ArchiMate is part of the Open Group set of Standards. o o 2. 2. TOGAF 9 TOGAF Version 9 Enterprise Edition (TOGAF 9 for short) is a detailed method and set of supporting resources for developing an Enterprise Architecture. Developed and endorsed by the membership of The Open Groups Architecture Forum, TOGAF 9 represents an industry consensus framework and method for Enterprise Architecture. As a comprehensive, open method for Enterprise Architecture, TOGAF 9 compleme nts, and can be used in conjunction with, other frameworks that are more focused on specific aspects of architecture or for vertical sectors such as Government, Defense, and Finance, therefore the support of tools is important. Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 10 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 3. Overview of Enterprise Architecture Tools(2) 3. 1. Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments Your, Return On Information Your, Return On Information Overview of vendors Tools. (3) Risk / Strategy / Enterprise / Solution Architecture Tools Overview 2009 Governance, Risk, Compliancy Enterprise/ITPo rtfolio Business/I management T Strategy 5. 0 (C) Copyrights IFEAD 2001 2009 Modelling Languages Support (BPMN, Archimate, UML) Not Specified Not Specified Supplier Aam tech Acceptsoftware Tool SAMU Accept 360 Adaptive EA Manager, IT Portfolio Mana ger, Metadata Manager, Project Portfolio Manager Program Management Enterprise Architecture Solution Architecture Software Engineering Togaf 9 Support Not Specified Not Specified Adaptive Not Specified Not Specified Agilense Altova Alfabet ASG Software Solutions Avolution EA Webmodeler Altova Enterprise Suite Planning IT ASG-Rochade Abacus BiZZdesign Architect, BiZZdesigner, Riskmanager Corporate Modeler Enterprise Edition SimProcess Not Specified Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified UML Not Specified Not Specified Archimate, BPMN, UML Bizzdesign Casewise CACI International Togaf 9 Togaf 9 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Togaf 9 Togaf 9 Togaf 9 Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Togaf 9 Not Specified Archimate Archimate, BPMN, UML BPMN UML BPMN BPMN Not Specified UML Archimate, BPMN Not Specified Not Speci fied UML BPMN, UML Not Specified Not Specified BPMN Not Specified Not Specified BPMN, UML Not Specified BPMN, UML Archimate, BPMN, UML Archimate, BPMN, UML Not Specified Enterprise Elements Elements Repository Modeling Validation Forsight Tool set Future Tech Systems, Inc ENVISION ® VIP GoAgile MAP Product GoAgile Suite IBM Rational Software IBM Architect ARIS Business IDS Scheer Performance Edition Intelligile Corporation MAP Suite + ITAA Knotion Consulting LogicLibrary Mega International CA Palisade Metastorm Qualiware Salamander Organisation Select Business Solutions Simon Labs Sparx Systems IBM TeleLogic Troux Visible UDEF Explorer Logidex Mega (Process, Architect, Designer) NetViz Suite Risk Decision Analysis Metastorm Enterprise Products Qualiware Product Suite MooD Transformation Technology Select Solution Factory SimonTool Enterprise Architect System Architect Family + Rhapsody Troux 8 Visible Advantage Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyr ights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 11 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 4. Candidate Tool Requirements Checklist First and foremost, objectives for acquiring and using a comprehensive modeling tool must be articulated and agreed to by all stakeholders. Since this tool is to support enterprise architecture, enterprise-level objectives must be included. Once that is accomplished, the objectives must be translated into requirements for both vendor presence and performance. Also, architectural principles both high-level conceptual and domain-level detailed must be included as screening criteria. Principles can either be converted into requirements or left as-is, requiring vendors to demonstrate their support of such principles. The functional requirements of a tool must be understood prior to embarking on a selection. Only the functionality that is currently required of the tool or that which will be realisticall y necessary in the future should be selected. The next list is a candidate listing of requirements and specifications. Enhance this list for your own specific situation. Only the functionality that is currently required of the EA tool, or that which will be realistically necessary in the future, should be selected. 4. 1. Candidate list of EA Tool Requirements Specifications 1 1. 1 1. 1. 1 1. 1. 2 1. 1. 3 1. 1. 4 1. 1. 5 1. 1. 6 1. 1. 7 1. 1. 8 1. 1. 9 1. 1. 10 1. 1. 11 1. 2 1. 2. 1 1. 2. 2 1. 2. 3 1. 2. 4 1. 2. 5 1. 2. 6 1. 2. 7 Operational Technical Fit Platform Environment Can the client software be installed on MS Windows XP? Can the client software be installed on MS Windows Vista? Can the client software be installed on Linux? Can the server component be set up on MS Windows 2003 Server? Can the server component be set up on SunSolaris? Can the server component be set up on Linux Servers? Can the server component be set up on Unix Servers? Can the repository be set up u sing the latest versions of Oracle DB? Which Versions? Can the repository be set up for SQL Server? Which Versions? Can the web client be set up for MS Internet Explorer? Which Versions? Are there specific requirements or specifications to setup the repository? Which? Performance Availability Can additional licenses be added dynamically without the need to affect users PCs? Can the tool still operate for a period of time if the server holding the licenses fail, e. g. crashes? Does the tool handle extreme amounts of data e. g. millions of records? Does the tool operate at the same performance if there are 100 users accessing the same repository? Offers the tool facilities to monitor its performance? Is remote access feasible and practical (e. g. via GPRS/notebook)? Can the tool perform several tasks at the same time? (e. g. run a report in the background)? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001- 2009 2 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 1. 2. 8 1. 3 1. 3. 1 1. 3. 2 1. 3. 3 1. 3. 4 1. 3. 5 1. 3. 6 1. 3. 7 1. 3. 8 1. 3. 9 1. 3. 10 1. 3. 11 1. 3. 12 1. 3. 13 1. 3. 14 1. 3. 15 1. 3. 16 1. 4 1. 4. 1 1. 4. 2 1. 4. 3 1. 4. 4 1. 4. 5 1. 4. 6 1. 4. 7 1. 4. 8 1. 5 1. 5. 1 1. 5. 2 1. 5. 3 1. 6 1. 6. 1 1. 6. 2 1. 6. 3 1. 6. 4 1. 7 1. 7. 1 1. 7. 2 1. 7. 3 1. 7. 4 2 2. 1 2. 1. 1 2. 1. 2 2. 1. 3 2. 1. 4 2. 1. 5 Does the tool have a simultaneous update of open views without user interaction? Security (User Admin) Is the user required to log on every time he uses the tool? Is it possible to authorize the user at the level of objects? Is it possible to authorize the user at the level of class properties? Does the tool support role based user management? Does the tool support check-in/check-out items of repository? Does the tool support read only access? Does the tool support management of user groups? Does the tool support more than 100 simultaneously logged on users? Assuming there are licenses, can any number of users access the repository at the same time? Are there at least four different user profiles which can have hierarchical relationships to each other? Does the tool record the full history of changes to objects? Does the tool run reports on utilization of its licenses? Does the tool support external Accountancy Audits? Does the tool stamp all changes done to objects with a time-user stamp? Is it possible to define own user profiles? Is it possible to (explicitly) lock models or parts of models? Software Distribution Is a central shared installation possible, which allows users to access the tool without local installation procedures? Does the tool support shared installation of upgrades? Are upgrades possible without a system (esp. server) shutdown? Does the tool support shared initial installation? (I. e. can the tool be site-installed and the installation shared by users)? Are bug fixes distributed in the form o f patches? Are patches freely available? Can patches be downloaded from the Internet? Do you have less than three releases a year with well before published release plans? Release Management Does the tool support rollback? Does the tool support replication/synchronization mechanisms? Is it possible to replicate parts of the repository to local repositories? Tool Architecture Does the tool have a client / server architecture? Does the tool provide a thin client? Does the tool provide a thick client? Does the tool provide standalone usage? Technical and Operational Requirements Does the tool have below or average requirements on operational memory? Please define. Does the tool have below or average requirements on CPU? Please define. Does the tool have below or average requirements on external memory (disks)? Please define. Does the tool use a standard RDBMS? Please define. Vendor Support Help Desk Support Can help desk support be offered in English or other languages? Can you offe r time to repair guarantee? Do you provide standard escalation procedures for problem resolution? Is a log of all known bugs, including date of first occurrence, status and date of closure, available online for at least the last 6 months? Can these resources be contacted by phone and e-mail? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 13 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 2. 1. 6 2. 1. 7 2. 1. 8 2. 1. 9 2. 1. 10 2. 1. 11 2. 1. 12 2. 1. 13 2. 2 2. 2. 1 2. 2. 2 2. 2. 3 2. 2. 4 2. 2. 5 2. 2. 6 2. 2. 7 2. 2. 2. 3 2. 3. 1 2. 3. 2 2. 4 2. 4. 1 2. 4. 2 2. 4. 3 2. 4. 4 2. 4. 6 2. 5 2. 5. 1 2. 5. 2 2. 6 2. 6. 1 2. 6. 2 2. 6. 3 2. 6. 4 3 3. 1 3. 1. 1 3. 1. 2 3. 1. 3 3. 1. 4 3. 1. 5 3. 1. 6 3. 1. 7 3. 1. 8 3. 1. 9 3. 1. 10 3. 1. 11 Does the help desk have a list of all customizations/work carried out by consultants on the clients site? Can the tool be installed without training? Does the tool provide interactive help? Is the interactive help comprehensive and easy to navigate? Does the tool have an online tutorial? Does the tool have tutorial/help on features? Does the tool have online documentation? Do you run a global bulletin board for raising bug enquiries? Training Do you have dedicated in-house product trainers? Do you provide training specifically for Enterprise Modellers? Can the training be conducted in other languages then English? Which languages? Do you publish regular training schedules? Do you provide formal training of the product? Is courseware available for purchase? Do you provide web based training /e-learning? Do you offer on-site trainings all over the world? Professional Services (Migration) Do you provide consulting services? Do you offer tools or (assistance with) a one-off conversion of documents from Excel, Visio, Word or other format to your tool? Documentation Will you provide us with a full comprehensive set of docu mentation covering all aspects of the tool? Are changes made available on the Web? Are all documents made available in both hard and soft format? Is the documentation available other languages than English? Define Is there additional documentation available for purchase? Local Support Do you offer local support in Europe? Do you offer guaranteed reaction times? Newsgroups Is there a user group for your product? Do they meet regularly? Do they have a website? Do you run a global newsgroup for discussion? Functional Fit (Specific) Support Analysis Does the tool search enterprise architecture design patterns in order to suggest a possible solution? Does the tool support the process of enterprise architecture requirement analysis and the process of generating architecture design? Does the tool offer consistency checking and quality checks for designed architectures in accordance to architecture principles and rules? Does the tool support impact analysis at all levels? Does the tool s upport delta analysis at all levels? Are there syntax checks through the given data? Are there semantic checks through the given data? Can new consistency checks be defined at any time? Does the tool support bottleneck analysis? Does the tool offer a common meta-model? Does the tool offer mean to force mandatory inputs? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 14 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 3. 1. 12 3. 2 3. 2. 1 3. 2. 2 3. 2. 3 3. 2. 4 3. 2. 5 3. 2. 6 3. 2. 7 3. 2. 8 3. 3 3. 3. 1 3. 3. 2 3. 3. 3 3. 4 3. . 1 3. 4. 2 3. 4. 3 3. 4. 4 3. 4. 5 3. 4. 6 3. 4. 7 3. 4. 8 3. 4. 9 3. 5 3. 5. 1 3. 5. 2 3. 5. 3 3. 5. 4 3. 5. 5 3. 5. 6 3. 5. 7 3. 5. 8 3. 5. 9 Does the tool support the structured access to stored objects and attributes (trees, hierarchy)? Support of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks Delivers the tool Support for Zachman Framework? Delivers the to ol Support for FEAF (Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework)? Delivers the tool Support for E2AF (Extended Enterprise Architecture Framework)? Delivers the tool Support for DoDAF (C4ISR)? Delivers the tool Support for TOGAF v9 EA Framework? Delivers the tool Support for a custom or proprietary enterprise architecture framework? Can the tool handle references to an external custom enterprise architectural framework? Does the tool aid user with navigation in a custom enterprise architecture framework? Support of Enterprise Architecture Program (Time) Does the tool have a timeline marking of objects (e. g. objects valid from.. to.. )? Does the tool handle different stages of existence of objects (e. g. under discussion, valid, in operation, discarded)? Can the tool produce time-related output? (e. g. o show the enterprise architectural landscape at a specific date (to any freely chosen date)? Simulation Does the tool support simulation of alternative enterprise architecture scena rios? Can the tool generate landscapes of (selected) objects of one or more classes? Can the tool generate a landscape of objects which existed on a certain date or over a certain period if time in the past? Is it possible to generate a to-be landscape of objects planned for certain dates? Does the tool simulate impact of changes in a scenario? Does the tool support hierarchy? Has the tool the ability to support discrete simulation? Has the tool the ability to perform Monte Carlo simulation? Have the tool facilities to graphical simulation of processes to demonstrate bottlenecks? Repository management Does the tool support Enterprise Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool have Domain Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool have Application Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool have Information Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool have IT Architecture Diagrams? Does the tool fully support Custom Type Diagrams (e. g. Management Dashboard View)? Does the tool support workflow? Does the to ol have process modeling functionality i. e. process decomposition and process charts? Does the tool support enterprise architecture design diagrams as standard or can be customized to support this, with the ability to reuse applications and system interfaces from the application architecture diagrams? Does the tool support logical models? Does the tool support physical models (system level)? Does the tool support data flow diagrams? Can the user reuse all objects/definitions (metadata items)? Can the user define and reuse applications within the tool? Can the user define and reuse system interfaces? Can the user define and reuse data flows? Can the user define and reuse functions? Can the user define and reuse technology? Can the user define and reuse requirements? Can the user define and reuse business processes? Can the user define and reuse goals? 15 May 2009 3. 5. 10 3. 5. 11 3. 5. 12 3. 5. 13 3. 5. 14 3. 5. 15 3. 5. 16 3. 5. 17 3. 5. 18 3. 5. 19 3. 5. 20 3. 5. 21 Enterpr ise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 3. 5. 22 3. 5. 23 3. 5. 24 3. 5. 25 3. 5. 26 3. 5. 27 3. 5. 28 3. 5. 29 3. 5. 30 3. 5. 31 3. 5. 32 3. 5. 33 3. 5. 34 3. 5. 35 3. 5. 36 3. 5. 7 3. 5. 38 3. 5. 39 3. 6 3. 6. 1 3. 6. 2 3. 6. 3 3. 6. 4 3. 6. 5 3. 6. 6 3. 6. 7 3. 6. 8 3. 6. 9 3. 6. 10 3. 6. 11 3. 6. 12 3. 6. 13 3. 6. 14 3. 7 3. 7. 1 3. 7. 2 3. 7. 3 3. 7. 4 3. 7. 5 3. 7. 6 3. 7. 7 3. 7. 8 3. 7. 9 3. 7. 10 3. 7. 11 3. 7. 12 3. 7. 13 3. 7. 14 Is the user able to view the architecture through a function view? Is the user able to view the architecture through an information view? Is the user able to view the architecture through an integration view? Is the user able to view the architecture through a distribution view? Can the user define and reuse location? Can the user define and reuse roles? Does the tool support organization models? Can the user have an is-a relationship between a class of objects and its objects within the tool? Can the user have a belong to relationship between some defined object class? Does the tool support extensibility of repository? Does the tool support different abstraction levels (level of detail)? Can the tool generate diagrams using objects, their properties and relationships out of the repository? Has the tool the ability to create / design network hardware systems diagrams / models? Has the tool the ability to create / design communication diagrams / models? Has the tool the ability to scan networks and build network systems topology? Has the tool the ability to create an enterprise meta data dictionary? Does the tool support the incorporation of service level agreements? Has the tool the ability to support Business IT strategy definitions? Validation of Models Does the tool support a goal model, showing business goals? Does the tool support hierarchy and linking of goals? Does the tool support linking of goals to other categories of objects? Does the tool support polymorphism? Does the tool support inheritance? Does the tool support encapsulation? Does the tool have automatic parsing of requirements? (e. g. by keywords Note: Requirement means anything to comply with , e. g. business rules, IT Strategy etc. ) Does the tool have a text and graphical interface to follow the links? Does the tool support versioning of requirements, history of requirement changes, log of modifications etc? Does the tool ensure compliance to defined meta model at all levels? Does the tool ensure that involved responsible users for certain objects (e. g. systems) must agree when changes to interfaces between objects will be done? (workflow) Has the tool the ability to do impact analysis? Has the tool the ability to trace inconsistencies over models? Has the tool the ability to trace incompleteness? Support of Standard modeling languages, methods and techniques Does the tool support UML? Delivers the tool Support for MDA (i. e.. , Model Driven Architecture, OMG)? Delivers the tool Support for BPML (i. e. , Business Process Modeling Language)? Delivers the tool Support for BPEL 2. 0 (i. e.. , Business Process Execution language)? Delivers the tool Support for BPMN (i. e. , Business Process Modeling Notation)? Delivers the tool Support for ADML (i. e. , Architecture Description Markup Language, Open Group)? Does the tool support the Yourdon methodology? Does the tool support the Archimate Modeling language? Does the tool support SSADM (i. e. , Structured Systems Analysis Design Methodology)? Does the tool support modeling processes with a swim-lane diagramming approach? Has the tool the ability to develop IDEF0 diagrams? Has the tool the ability to develop IDEF1 diagrams? Has the tool the ability to perform IDEF 1X data modeling? Has the tool the ability to develop IDEF 3 diagrams? 16 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © C opyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 3. 7. 15 3. 7. 16 3. 7. 17 3. 7. 18 3. 7. 19 3. 7. 20 3. 7. 21 3. 7. 22 3. 7. 23 3. 7. 24 3. 7. 25 3. 7. 26 3. 8 3. 8. 1 3. 8. 2 4 4. 1 4. 1. 1 4. 1. 2 4. 1. 3 4. 1. 4 4. 1. 5 4. 1. 6 4. 1. 7 4. 1. 8 4. 1. 9 4. 1. 10 4. 1. 11 4. 1. 12 4. 1. 13 4. 1. 14 4. 1. 15 4. 1. 16 4. 1. 17 4. 1. 18 4. 1. 19 4. 1. 20 4. 2 4. 2. 1 4. 2. 2 4. 2. 3 4. 2. 4 4. 2. 5 4. 2. 6 4. 2. 7 4. 2. 8 4. 2. 9 4. 2. 10 Does the tool support for IDL (IDEF Interchange Definition Language)? Does the tool support a Six Sigma approach? Does the tool support ISO 900x methodology? Has the tool the ability to develop ANSI standard flowcharts? Does the tool Support for ABC (i. e. , activity based costing)? Hast the tool the ability to create UML v 2. 0 diagrams (e. q. , use cases, state diagrams sequence diagrams, etc)? Has the tool the ability to create IE entity relationship (ER) diagrams? Does the tool support for cardinal notation to create up to fifth normal form ER diagrams? Has the tool the ability to associate multiple attributes per entity (e. q.. , ;25)? Has the tool the ability to generate physical data models (e. q.. , DDL)? Has the tool the ability to create DFDs (i. e. , data flow diagrams)? Does the tool support for Jackson use cases? Support for Enterprise Architecture Review Management Does the tool support identification of components where counter steering is required? Does the tool provide information objects to store, access review reports and results in a structured manner? Functional Fit (General) User Interface Can the user decide on what level to navigate through the tool? Does the tool navigate through a browser? Does the tool support drill down/drill up between levels of detail? Does the tool support undo/redo functionality? Can any number, without a limit, of levels of diagrams be attached to a top level diagram? Does the too l support navigation between the graphical tool and the database in both directions? Does the tool have a search engine for structured and unstructured information? Does the tool have a database of patterns? Does the tool have a database of customizable examples / solutions? Does the tool have a framework of orientation within the whole projects? Is there a common look and feel across all products? Do all elements of your product employ similar usability functions? Can the system use graphical and non-graphical user interfaces? Is the use of either interchangeable? Can drag drop be used in the graphical user interface? Does the tool support the definition of specific views for defined objects through all levels? Does the tool model connection between objects as own objects with attributes? Can attributes of connections be displayed automatically? Can the visualization of connections be changed manually/automatically? Has the tool the ability to mine for patterns within multiple models? Customization Can the user create new diagram types? Can the user create new definitions? Can the user create custom visualizations (symbols) for objects? Can the user create new matrices (relations)? Can the user create new properties for existing definitions? Is possible to create custom queries/filters? Is there no limit to the amount of diagrams, definitions, objects and matrices that can be created? Are the reports easy configurable (i. e. with little coding or very little with the help of examples and tutorials)? Can the user define custom views? Does the tool support aggregation of information in order to create one big picture (Overview)? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 17 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 4. 2. 11 4. 2. 12 4. 4. 3. 1 4. 3. 2 4. 3. 3 4. 3. 4 4. 3. 5 4. 3. 6 4. 3. 7 4. 3. 8 4. 3. 9 4. 3. 10 4. 3. 11 4. 3. 12 4. 3. 13 4. 3. 14 4. 3. 15 4. 4 4. 4. 1 4. 4. 2 4. 4. 3 4. 4. 4 4. 4. 5 4. 4. 6 4. 4. 7 4. 4. 8 4. 4. 9 4. 4. 10 4. 4. 11 4. 4. 12 4. 4. 13 4. 4. 14 4. 4. 15 4. 5 4. 5. 1 4. 5. 2 4. 5. 3 4. 5. 4 4. 5. 5 4. 5. 6 4. 5. 7 4. 5. 8 4. 6 4. 6. 1 4. 6. 2 4. 6. 3 4. 6. 4 4. 7 4. 7. 1 Has the tool the ability to spell-check? Has the tool the ability to find and replace? Import/Integration Are there interfaces to other DB programs like: OracleX, MS SQL Server, MS Access, DB2, other? Does the tool import/export using XML? Does the tool integrate with BEA Workshop? Does the tool integrate with Oracle Designer? Does the tool integrate with Rational Rose? Has the tool the ability to support/export to a certain ERP solution? Has the tool the ability to support/export to certain CRM solution? Has the tool the ability to support/export to a certain SCM solution? Has the tool the ability to generate WFSL? Has the tool the ability to import models and diagrams from other tools (e. q. , Visio, etc)? Has t he tool the ability to import from CSV (i. e. , comma delimited ASCII)? Has the tool the ability to import from XML files)? Has the tool the ability to publish models in Microsoft Word Has the tool the ability to maintain model relationships in HTML via hyperlinks Has the tool the ability to export to Microsoft Project? Reporting Is it possible to generate, to save and to export user defined reports and graphics? Is it possible to generate HTML output, including diagrams? Is it possible to export to MS WinWord? Is it possible to export to MS Excel? Can the tool produce a summary in MS WinWord to give a summary of the architecture landscape? Can the tool produce a summary in MS WinWord or Excel to give a picture of the mappings and how it fits together? Can the MS WinWord templates/reports be changed through GUI ? Does the tool support drill down reporting? Does the tool support summary reporting? Does the tool support queries? Is it possible to export to MS Visio? Is it possib le to import from MS Visio? Is it possible to export to MS Powerpoint? Is it possible to print all generated reports, graphics to standard output formats (DIN A0-A4), PDF? Is it possible to publish defined information automatically based on predefined states, events or time? Version Management Is there a version mechanism within the tool? Can the tool provide several versions of one metadata object? Is it possible to compare models within a repository? Can the tool handle conflicts on import and merge commands? Does the tool allow multiple versions of an object? Does the tool support comparisons between versions of objects? Does the tool support migration of individual objects/components through development phases? Does the tool support resolution of migration conflicts during the migration of multiple releases? Documentation Management Does the tool produce documents in industry standard formats (ISO, IEEE †¦)? Does the tool support generating of presentations? Does the too l support WYSWIG preview of output documents and presentations? Does the tool support concurrent review, markup and comment of documents, designs, etc? Help and Tutorials Installation: Can the tool be installed without vendor‘s assistance? Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide v5. 0  © Copyrights, Institute For Enterprise Architecture Developments, 2001-2009 18 May 2009 Enterprise Architecture Tool Selection Guide EA Tool Selection 4. 7. 2 4. 7. 3 4. 7. 4 4 Don’t waste time! 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